This essential continuity may be seen in the figure of ‘daughter Zion’ in chapters 1 and 2. This personification involves attributing to the non-human entity—the city—the qualities of a human personality, a widow, once beautiful and prosperous, but now ravaged by the enemy, abandoned by her former friends, and sitting alone and forlorn at the road side. The figure of a ravaged widow, subject to continuing victimisation, evokes sympathy, and allows us to grasp the overwhelming nature of the catastrophe
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